Native Balinese art began to evolve under the auspices of
the Hindu-Buddhist traditions of the Majapahit Empire, which shaped almost
every aspect of Balinese life, and which still underpins the culture of Bali
today, despite the latter predominance of Islam everywhere else within the Indonesian
archipelago.
The profusion of temples and shrines that characterise
Bali’s cultural legacy are all a window into the long history of the architectural,
artistic and sculptural skill of the island’s artisans, dedicated to the
depictions of their richly developed spiritual iconography.
The traditional centre of classical Balinese
craftsmanship was centred around the village of Kamasan in eastern Bali, until
a revolution in style occurred during the 1930’s, when European artists began to
arrive in Bali seeking their own inspiration and bringing with them the new mediums,
techniques and styles of the modernist movement.
Where Balinese art forms had hitherto been wrought in the
service of visually interpreting Hindu mythological scenes, the artists of
Europe, who had themselves not long been liberated from the centuries old
strictures of Christian art by other east Asian art forms, influenced Balinese artists to diversify into depicting
scenes from nature and everyday life.
The most widespread developments were particularly
evident in painting, the traditional forms of which were previously largely two
dimensional profiles, with the sequential mythical storytelling aspects
typically creating crowded vistas.
Painting for its own sake began to take hold, particularly
around the Ubud area, and new themes, colours, perspective and shading began to
permeate local art which soon produced some very fine works of beautifully rendered scenes of local life, which became much sought after.
Despite the obvious foreign influence on the liberation
of Balinese art into the world of free expression, these artists did not simply
imitate modern European styles, but created a unique hybrid sense of
stylisation, at once recognisably and distinctly Balinese in character.
Indeed, many themes and features from Bali’s long Hindu
culture, reinterpreted for the modern age, have since re-entered the visual
language of Balinese art, to great and unusual effect.
In woodcarving too, an art form in which the Balinese have
always had profound skills, the modernist influence began to alter the subject
matter and forms became less traditionally proportional, adopting the modernist
expressionism of elongated human and animal forms and utilising the natural
twists in wood to produce evocative experimental ideas.
The village of Mas has become the main centre for
woodcarving in Bali, and specialises in the very finest creations, and the best
artists will spend considerable time seeking out particularly unusual pieces of
wood from which to produce their masterworks, many of which are truly and
breathtakingly extraordinary in both their vision and skill.
Nowadays, the creative breadth of scope and technique
available to the astonishingly unique skills of Balinese artists has led to a
richly deserved flourishing of their work on the international art market, and
many of Bali’s artists produce superbly crafted and outstandingly beautiful
original work, worthy of any collector.
For the most discerning collectors, there are some very
fine up-market galleries all over Bali, which feature the works of the most
prized of contemporary Balinese artists, whose stunningly inspirational and
brilliant work can rightly command very high prices.
In the 1960’s the global explosion of mass tourism would
see many tourists flock to Bali, and the increasing demand for Balinese art led
to the highly successful thriving art industry that visitors will encounter there today.
Inevitably, because of this insatiable acquisition, many of the works commonly found in the tourist gift shops are nowadays quickly produced,
and often thematically similar, which is reflected in their relatively low price,
but even among these, you will still find some very worthy fine paintings and
carvings.
On a note of caution, however, visitors employing the use
of local guides and drivers to take them to see art should be aware that there
are some unscrupulous souls who operate ‘kickback’ arrangements of as much as
50% with many of the commercial tourist outlets to take visitors to their shops
and help persuade them to buy art goods, by implying they are getting a real bargain.
Visitors should never buy an artwork they don’t truly
want and should only pay for a desired item what they think it is worth.
Bartering is a normal practice in Bali which requires some practice, but if you
know how to play, you will get to the right price in the end.